Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most serious genetic blood disorders in the world, and Nigeria carries the highest burden globally. The disease is inherited when a child receives two copies of the sickle cell gene—one from each parent. This condition causes red blood cells to become rigid and crescent-shaped, leading to chronic anemia, severe pain crises, organ damage, infections, and other life-threatening complications.
Nigeria’s high prevalence is driven by genetics, lack of widespread carrier screening, cultural factors, and limited access to early diagnosis. Despite growing awareness, many couples still enter marriages without knowing their genotypes, contributing to a continuous cycle of sickle cell births every year.
The impacts on families and the healthcare system are extraordinary. Many children face repeated hospital admissions, blood transfusions, medication dependence, and emotional trauma. Parents also experience financial strain due to hospital bills and long-term care.
Improving outcomes requires a combination of early screening, public education, accessible healthcare services, and strong government policies. With proper care—including regular checkups, malaria prevention, vaccinations, hydration, and crisis management—most individuals with SCD can live long and productive lives. Strengthening nationwide awareness remains a major key to breaking the cycle.