Nigeria has one of the highest rates of sickle cell disease in the world, accounting for a significant portion of the global disease burden. Statistics show that about 25% of Nigerian adults are carriers (HbAS), meaning one in four Nigerians carries the sickle cell gene. This extremely high carrier rate results in 100,000–150,000 babies being born with SCD every year in the country, more than in any other nation.
The disease dramatically affects child survival. According to national data, sickle cell disease contributes to 4–8% of under-5 mortality in Nigeria, and many children do not live past age five without proper medical care. These numbers represent one of the highest infant mortality burdens linked to sickle cell disease globally.
Beyond mortality, SCD has long-term social and economic consequences. Affected children may experience frequent hospitalization, growth delays, and complications such as stroke, infections, acute chest syndrome, and organ damage. These conditions lead to lost school days, reduced productivity, stigmatization, and emotional distress for both children and caregivers.
On a national scale, the financial cost of treating SCD is enormous. Many families rely on out-of-pocket payments due to limited insurance coverage, pushing vulnerable households into deeper poverty. Hospitals are often overstretched, and specialized sickle cell clinics are insufficient for the population size.
These statistics highlight the need for strengthened healthcare policies, increased newborn screening programs, better access to hydroxyurea therapy, and improved sickle cell education across all communities.